ABSTRACT
Background: helicobacter pylori, which is associated with many upper gastrointestinal diseases, is found in half of the population of the world. Several special stains and immunohistochemistry stain for H. pylori are available. The need for and usefulness of immunohistochemical [IHC] technique has been debated for years. Toluidine blue is a simple stain for microbiological studies and is easily available in laboratories. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare hematoxylin and eosin [HandE], Giemsa and toluidine blue staining with immunehistochemistry for detection of H. pylori in patients with gastritis and also to correlate the results of these staining methods with pathological grading
Methods: we reviewed 54 consecutive gastric biopsy specimens stained by HandE and Giemsa as well as by toluidine blue and immunohistochemistry stains for H. pylori
Results: H. pylori was positively identified by IHC in 43 [79.63%] patients, while positive samples were found in 18 [33.33%], 24 [44.44%] and 33 [61.11%] patients using HandE, Giemsa and toluidine blue staining methods. Our results showed that classical histological staining methods are not sensitive enough to identify low numbers or coccoid forms of organism, while toluidine blue and immunohistochemistry play an important role in detection of H. pylori infection
Conclusion: toluidine blue has been proved to be much more reliable than HandE and Giemsa in detection of H. pylori. In addition, in post treatment biopsies and in biopsies with unexplained chronic active gastritis without histological evidence of H. pylori should have immunohistochemistry done to detect possible low density or coccoid form of organisms. Iran. Biomed. J. 17 [1]: 36-41, 2013
ABSTRACT
Multi-drug resistant strains of Acinetobacter spp. have created therapeutic problems worldwide. The objective of this study was to detect integrons in Acinetobacter spp. isolates from Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia patients using PCR method. A total 51 Bronchoalveolar lavage samples were obtained from patients in ICU and examined for Acinetobacter spp. infection by biochemical and PCR methods using blaOXA51-like primers. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion and MIC methods. Among 51 patients with VAP [62.7% males, 35.2% females, mean age 53 year], 50 [98%] were positive, with a high prevalence of gram-negative bacteria, mainly Acinetobacter spp. [70%], from which A. baumani was detected in 34 [68%] and A. lwoffii in 1 [2%] of isolates. More than 90% of isolates were resistant to imipenem, piperacillin+tazobactam, third generation cephalosporins and gentamicin, while the most effective antibiotic was colistin [100%]. The correlation coefficient between disk diffusion and MIC was 0.808 [p = 0.001]. Three Acinetobacter isolates [8%] harbored integrase /gene but none of isolates contained Class II or III integrons. The results showed that colistin was an effective antibiotic and can be used for treatment of patients in ICU. Due to the high number of MDR isolates lacking Integrons it can be concluded that although class I integrons are important among clinical isolates of A. baumannii, they have no significant role in dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran. The presence of IntI in A. Iwoffii may be related to transfer of integron to A. baumannii which can be considered as an important threat for hospitalized patients